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''Ad libitum'' () is Latin for "at one's pleasure"; it is often shortened to "ad lib" (as an adjective or adverb) or "ad-lib" (as a verb or noun). The roughly synonymous phrase ''a bene placito'' ("in accordance with () good pleasure") is less common but, in its Italian form ''a piacere'', entered the musical ''lingua franca'' (see below). The phrase "at liberty" is often associated mnemonically (because of the alliteration of the ''lib-'' syllable), although it is not the translation (there is no cognation between ''libitum'' and ''liber''). == Music or rhythm== As a direction in sheet music, ''ad libitum'' indicates that the performer or conductor has one of a variety of types of discretion with respect to a given passage: *to play the passage in free time rather than in strict or "metronomic" tempo (a practice known as ''rubato'' when not expressly indicated by the composer); *to improvise a melodic line fitting the general structure prescribed by the passage's written notes or chords; *to omit an instrument part, such as a nonessential accompaniment, for the duration of the passage; or *in the phrase "repeat ''ad libitum''," to play the passage an arbitrary number of times (''cf.'' vamp). Note that the direction ''a piacere'' (see above) has a more restricted meaning, generally referring to only the first two types of discretion. Baroque music, especially, has a written or implied ''ad libitum'', with most composers intimating the freedom the performer and conductor have. For post-Baroque classical music and jazz, see cadenza. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「ad libitum」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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